Special Education

Redefining Books

A new digital book-sharing service gives students with disabilities access to books in alternative content formats.
By Nirvi Shah — February 29, 2012 5 min read
Fourth grader Maurice Van Lowe, 9, uses Bookshare to read The Chocolate Touch at Burning Tree Elementary School in Bethesda, Md. The nonprofit Bookshare provides free audio books for children with disabilities. —Nicole Frugé
  • Save to favorites
  • Print

When 4th grade teacher Heather Whitby sat down for a book discussion recently with a group of students at her Bethesda, Md., elementary school, other students read on their own, including two who a year ago might not have been able to do so.

Because of their disabilities, Kyle Nordheimer and Maurice Van Lowe struggle with traditional printed text. But, thanks to Bookshare, a nonprofit program that provides free electronic copies of books to students with certain disabilities, both boys watched computer screens scroll through the text of The Chocolate Touch, listening to it at the same time.

Inspired by Napster, the music-sharing service, Bookshare turns books into a format that can be read aloud by computers, magnified, and spaced differently so that students with vision problems or learning disabilities can read them. The reformatted books are even available at the same time new releases reach bookstore shelves, unlike typical audiobooks.

BRIC ARCHIVE

Its services are an example of how e-book technology, taking off with consumers, has powerful potential for students who previously relied on more cumbersome and difficult-to-obtain alternatives to the traditional book.

For qualifying schoolchildren, Bookshare is free, underwritten by a $32 million infusion from the U.S. Department of Education four years ago that’s led to 150,000 student Bookshare memberships across the nation. Last year, the department’s Office of Special Education Programs gave the Palo Alto-based organization another $3 million to expand its work.

Helping Frustrated Readers

Typically, students who can’t read traditional books begin falling behind on the first day of school.

Unable to learn at all from the ubiquitous printed materials at school, or hampered because they learn more slowly than their peers, such students often have had to wait months until audiobooks became available, or depend on a school employee to deconstruct a particular text, scan it, and convert it into a digital file to be read aloud by the right software. An alternative is for students to use special, sometimes unwieldy, equipment they lug from class to class that magnifies the words in worksheets and books.

Instead of text being a source of information or inspiration, it’s too often been the cause of frustration.

“They fell behind and became frustrated through no fault of their own,” Kerri Larkin, the director of academic programs in the office of special education for the District of Columbia school system, says of such students.

Near the end of last school year, the 45,000-student district decided to arrange for a Bookshare membership for students with print disabilities—a range of conditions that hinder the ability to read words in a book or on paper. As eligible students’ education plans are updated, Bookshare memberships will be added to them, Larkin says.

Before Bookshare, Carlos Zacarias walked around school with a device that resembled an overhead projector.Zacarias, a junior at the district’s Woodrow Wilson High School who has low vision, would place reading material at the bottom and it would be magnified on an attached screen.

“It really got on my nerves. I had to move from class to class” with the device, he says. Now, he sports a laptop he can use to log in to Bookshare from any class, a change that doesn’t advertise his disability the way the bulky equipment did.

A Faster Process

Traditional audiobooks take longer to reach schools because they typically involve someone going into a studio and reading a book aloud. Bookshare’s process is much faster, says Betsy Beaumon, vice president and general manager of the company. The organization has agreements with about 160 publishers, which send the nonprofit an electronic version of a book as soon as it is published.

“We get an electronic feed from our publishers the same time [a book] is hitting Amazon, the same time it’s hitting iTunes,” Beaumon says. Instead of using human voices, Bookshare book voices are computer-generated.

Bookshare memberships are for students who are blind, have low vision, have learning disabilities including severe dyslexia, or have a disability such as cerebral palsy that could keep them from holding a book. Such students have what are collectively called print disabilities—a distinct departure from saying “learning disabilities,” says David Rose, the chief education officer at the nonprofit Center for Applied Special Technology, in Wakefield, Mass.

Using the phrase “print disability” says Rose, “is co-locating the problem. Print is part of the problem.”

Learning Curve

Whether electronic copies of books come from publishers or from the federal textbook repository (created under federal special education law), they can’t be used by individuals. The copies must first be converted into a usable format by Bookshare or another qualifiying organizations under an amendment to the copyright law. Bookshare has amassed more than 125,000 titles for students to download, and the nonprofit takes requests when its library doesn’t hold something a student needs.

Books and other copyright material provided through Bookshare must be guarded closely. Only students with proof of a qualifying disability can use the free Bookshare books, Beaumon says. (The organization separate service for adults.)

Every book downloaded has its own digital fingerprint to ensure it is used for just one student. Even if a teacher has a half-dozen students in a class who qualify, books must be acquired separately for each student.

John King, a junior at Walt Whitman High School in Bethesda, Md., who has a learning disability, says on his own it may take him four minutes to read a single page of a book, making homework time-consuming. Before he learned about Bookshare in 8th grade, any assignments that involved a lot of reading crowded out the others, and sometimes went undone.

“I’m definitely enjoying the reading a lot more,” says King. “It was just such an improvement from taking hours to taking an hour or less.”

Before joining Bookshare, the Montgomery County, Md., school district where he is enrolled created its own version of electronic books, says Linda Wilson, who oversees technology for high-incidence disabilities in the nearly 147,000-student district. For some titles, the district still does.

Using Bookshare is much faster, Wilson says, although the district has had to devote many hours of training to explain what it is and how to use it. Teachers have to be educated on the technical side of using Bookshare as well as the copyright laws involved.

Part of the latest federal grant for Bookshare will be devoted to a partnership with the American Institutes of Research, a Washington-based research group, to provide free professional development to increase the use of Bookshare.

This article originally appeared, in a different format, in Education Week.

A version of this article appeared in the March 01, 2012 edition of Teacher PD Sourcebook as Redefining Books

Events

This content is provided by our sponsor. It is not written by and does not necessarily reflect the views of Education Week's editorial staff.
Sponsor
Reading & Literacy Webinar
(Re)Focus on Dyslexia: Moving Beyond Diagnosis & Toward Transformation
Move beyond dyslexia diagnoses & focus on effective literacy instruction for ALL students. Join us to learn research-based strategies that benefit learners in PreK-8.
Content provided by EPS Learning
Classroom Technology Live Online Discussion A Seat at the Table: Is AI Out to Take Your Job or Help You Do It Better?
With all of the uncertainty K-12 educators have around what AI means might mean for the future, how can the field best prepare young people for an AI-powered future?
Special Education K-12 Essentials Forum Understanding Learning Differences
Join this free virtual event for insights that will help educators better understand and support students with learning differences.

EdWeek Top School Jobs

Teacher Jobs
Search over ten thousand teaching jobs nationwide — elementary, middle, high school and more.
View Jobs
Principal Jobs
Find hundreds of jobs for principals, assistant principals, and other school leadership roles.
View Jobs
Administrator Jobs
Over a thousand district-level jobs: superintendents, directors, more.
View Jobs
Support Staff Jobs
Search thousands of jobs, from paraprofessionals to counselors and more.
View Jobs

Read Next

Special Education Interactive 5 Common Learning Differences in Students: A Data Snapshot
Some key facts and figures about students with learning differences.
1 min read
An array of vibrantly colored brain illustrations arranged in a grid for easy examination. Categories, classifications, learning differences, brain scans.
Vanessa Solis/Education Week + DigitalVision Vectors
Special Education 'Handcuffed and Pushed Out': How Schools Fail Some Students With Disabilities
What can happen to students and schools when disabilities are over- and under-identified in children.
8 min read
Two student silhouettes face each other one overflowing with vegetation and the other almost empty by comparison. Learning Differences. Over and under diagnosis.
Nix Ren for Education Week
Special Education Q&A Is Dyslexia a ‘Superpower’? What Students Want Their Teachers to Know
5 students with dyslexia discuss what it feels like to be described as having special "powers."
5 min read
Psychology, Dream, Mental Health concept illustration. Brain, neuroscience and creative mind.
iStock/Getty Images
Special Education How Teachers Can Motivate and Engage Neurodiverse Students
A balanced approach of addressing students' strengths and weaknesses is best, experts say.
5 min read
A child contemplates throwing a paper airplane while sitting at the center of a large abstract flower resembling a brain.
Nix Ren for Education Week