Updated: This story has been updated to reflect the latest funding apportionments from the Office of Management and Budget.
The Trump administration is using an obscure and typically routine federal budget procedure to delay or withhold more than $2 billion for education that Congress approved in February.
Lawmakers belatedly approved a fiscal 2026 budget for the U.S. Department of Education on Feb. 3. Before the agency can actually spend those dollars, the federal Office of Management and Budget by law must “apportion” the correct amounts, or dispense them, into the agency’s accounts.
During past presidencies, the vast majority of apportionments occurred no later than a month and a half after lawmakers approved the federal budget, according to publicly available documents and former OMB staffers.
The second Trump administration has taken a markedly different approach. As of July 16, OMB has yet to apportion the full amount Congress appropriated for 28 separate education programs.
For 24 of those programs, OMB has apportioned little or no fiscal 2026 funding. Congress appropriated $1.17 billion combined for those programs.
OMB has also apportioned only a fraction of the money Congress approved for:
- the department’s research arm ($205 million of the budgeted $790 million for the Institute of Education Sciences)
- community revitalization grants ($22 million of the budgeted $91 million for Promise Neighborhoods)
- mental health and school safety grants ($65 million of the budgeted $190 million)
- school desegregation grants ($50 million of the budgeted $139 million for the Magnet Schools Assistance Program)
Seven additional programs—for improving civics instruction, training new teachers, strengthening colleges and universities, and supporting migrant college students—got their full amounts apportioned more than four months after Congress approved the budget law. Funding for all seven now sits at the Department of Labor, which struck agreements with the Education Department to manage the day-to-day operations of those programs.
Spokespeople for the Education Department have repeatedly said the agency is reviewing every dollar it spends rather than giving out funds “on autopilot.” OMB hasn’t responded to multiple requests for comment.
Education Week is closely tracking OMB apportionment disclosures using the OpenOMB transparency portal operated by the nonprofit Protect Democracy. Below is our list of the 35 programs with delayed, missing, or incomplete apportionments, and the date when unapportioned funding returns to the U.S. Treasury.
This post will be updated as new information emerges.
Delayed funding could foreshadow further disruption
Most of these funds aren’t expected to go out to grant recipients until later this year. And none of the department’s larger formula grants—including for Title programs and special education—is among the programs with missing or incomplete apportionments.
Still, education advocates and federal budget experts have expressed concern that the lack of routine apportionments could foreshadow more funding disruption in the coming months.
The department has launched grant competitions this calendar year for six of the programs that currently lack their full apportionments—but the agency likely can’t give out new grant awards or replenish ongoing grants using these congressionally appropriated funds until OMB apportions the money for each program.
The White House has twice proposed slashing IES funding and eliminating all 34 grant programs on this list. Congress rejected all of those proposed cuts for fiscal 2026; lawmakers began workshopping the fiscal 2027 budget in early June.
Legal fight over White House role in federal spending continues
These maneuvers have also drawn legal scrutiny.
More than $584 million of the currently unapportioned Education Department funds could expire and return to the Treasury if OMB doesn’t release the money by Dec. 31. That would likely constitute a violation of the federal law that prohibits the executive branch from “impounding,” or declining to spend, congressional appropriations.
On June 30, Protect Democracy and a slew of education plaintiffs including the Massachusetts Teachers Association and the National Center for Learning Disabilities sued the Trump administration, alleging that the administration has already put education programs in jeopardy by illegally failing to apportion and spend congressionally appropriated funds.
The lawsuit covers the missing apportionments for the Institute of Education Sciences as well as two grant programs: Comprehensive Centers and Education Innovation and Research.
During a House hearing on June 30, Russell Vought, the Trump-appointed OMB director who co-wrote the conservative policy document Project 2025, said his office is “working through the apportionment process expeditiously.”
“There’s no concerted effort not to apportion funding for the agencies,” he said, answering questions from Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn.
Later, responding again to DeLauro, Vought declined to rule out using the apportionment process to divert congressional appropriations.
“We agree with the need to get money out the door consistent with our review of whether it’s being well spent, and not taking any tools that we may use of the president’s fiscal management tools off the table,” he said.
Vought contends that the administration has “not impounded a single thing,” referring to the process banned by federal law through which the executive branch delays or withholds funds appropriated by Congress. Vought also believes the impoundment ban is unconstitutional.
This approach marks a sharp break with past practice, said Kathy Stack, who oversaw the office’s education branch from 2000 to 2005 and the broader division that includes education from 2005 to 2013, during the Bush and Obama administrations.
“For the 27 years I worked at OMB, it never occurred to any OMB staff that a president or OMB director would do what Trump and Vought are doing,” Stack said.
Similar OMB maneuvers since last year have affected grantees for other agencies, including for community development financial institutions, domestic violence prevention, drought mitigation, health and science research, and public transit.
OMB last year also removed all of its apportionment documents from its website. Protect Democracy and other transparency advocates sued to reverse the move and secured a court order last fall that requires OMB to continue publishing apportionment documents and the spending plans it’s requiring from agencies before releasing certain funds.
