When black SUVs trail school buses around here, no one dismisses it as routine traffic. And when three tough-looking Mexican men pace around the high school gym during a basketball game, no one assumes they’re just fans.
Fear has settled over this border town of 1,700, about 50 miles southeast of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, the epicenter of that country’s bloody drug war. Mexican families fleeing the violence have moved here or just sent their children, and authorities and residents say gangsters have followed them across the Rio Grande to apply terrifying, though so far subtle, intimidation.
The message: We know where you are.
At schools in Fort Hancock and nearby Texas towns, new security measures and counseling for young children of murdered parents have become a troubling part of the day.
“I have friends with fathers who’ve been annihilated,” said Israel Morales, a junior at Fort Hancock High School. “They just hug you and start crying. It just traumatizes you.”
He said school doesn’t always feel safe.
“I try to be stoic,” Mr. Morales said. “But it still worries the heck out of me.”
‘High Alert’
Mexican drug gangs have not fired a single shot in Fort Hancock, and no one has disappeared. But as drug violence continues unabated in and around Ciudad Juarez, residents of Texas border towns fear it will spread their way.
“There’s been incidents of school buses followed, and threats to some of the students and threats to some of the staff,” Hudspeth County Sheriff’s Lt. Robert Wilson said. “It’s caused us to really go on high alert.”
This is like Iraq. ... [L]ike a soldier, you have to develop a certain amount of 'callous' to continue to function."
Three unfamiliar men walked into the Fort Hancock High School gymnasium last month during a basketball game, setting off worries they were drug-cartel members sent to deliver a message. Maria Aguilar, a parent, said “a panic” swept through the gym and subsided only when they left.
“They walked in and they were laughing,” she said. “They were probably like, ‘We’ll just scare everybody.’ ”
Lt. Wilson said a suspicious car was noticed following a packed school bus earlier this year. Rumors that the car belonged to cartel members were never validated, but after other suspicious cars were spotted, the sheriff’s department began following buses as a precaution.
“We don’t know if it was to find out where a student of a certain person he was looking for gets off, or to find out where he was living,” Lt. Wilson said. “We’re not sure what the motivation was. But the rumor and concern was great enough.”
Schools have installed security cameras and hired an armed off-duty sheriff’s deputy to patrol the 500-student Fort Hancock Independent School District’s three campuses for the first time.
Sending a Message
Fort Hancock is an impoverished town of rundown homes and a single diner. Fathers of many students work as farmhands in the surrounding alfalfa and cotton fields, but most are jobless.
Ms. Aguilar said her 4th grade daughter shares playground stories of “how so-and-so got killed in Mexico this weekend,” and once asked whether a classmate’s mother would be next.
One Fort Hancock High student picked up for truancy told a judge he was too scared to go to class after witnessing a murder in Mexico. Police say his mother and grandfather were recently tortured with ice picks in El Pornevir, Mexico, just across the Rio Grande from Fort Hancock. The two remained in an El Paso hospital last week while the student was in protective custody, Hudspeth County Constable J.E. Sierra said.
School administrators say dozens of fellow students also have relatives who were killed or tortured in drug violence.
“A lot of time your family is involved,” said Modesta Morales, Israel Morales’ mother. “Some of the killings that happen, it’s not because of the people that were killed, it’s because they’re trying to reach someone. If they can’t find that someone, they’re going to get their brothers, their sisters, their nephews, their fathers—whoever they can to try and bring that person out.”
Ten miles down the road in Fabens, fliers in the teachers’ lounges ask faculty members to watch for a gunman wanted for four killings in Ciudad Juarez. He’s the father of two boys at the middle school.
Paul Vranish, the superintendent of the Tornillo School District outside El Paso, estimates about 10 percent of his 300 students have lost a close family member in Mexico’s drug war. One Tornillo High School student was gunned down in Mexico at the start of the school year while racing back to the border, Mr. Vranish said.
Fleeing North
Tragedy becomes so routine that students shrug off counseling.
“This is like Iraq. This is part of the landscape,” said the schools chief. “I’m not in any way trying to put our kids down. It’s not like they don’t have feelings. But like a soldier, you have to develop a certain amount of ‘callous’ to continue to function.”
U.S. authorities say they have seen a recent uptick in asylum claims at the port of entry in Fort Hancock, and schools here are enrolling more students. At least seven new students enrolled in Fort Hancock schools in one week in March, an increase that would normally take a year or two. Texas public schools, like those elsewhere, educate children regardless of immigration status, as required under a U.S. Supreme Court decision.
“They told us themselves, there’s more coming,” said Constable Sierra, who now doubles as Fort Hancock’s school officer. “They’re being threatened to either leave now or suffer the consequences.”
Drug-related violence in Mexico has claimed 17,900 lives since President Felipe Calderon declared war on the drug gangs in December 2006. In Ciudad Juarez, more than 2,300 people were killed last year alone. Powerful cartels have been battling authorities and each other for turf and drug routes.
Schools in northern Mexico have long had to figure out how to educate their children amid daily shootouts that have traumatized students and endangered staff members. But American schools close to the border have been relatively serene.
Schools in metropolitan border areas like El Paso and San Diego have their own police forces, backed up by local law enforcement, as well as counselors to help students.
Impoverished towns, including Fort Hancock and Tornillo, have similar problems but fewer resources as they try to keep some children safe from drug-gang predators and keep others from joining the gangs. Cartel recruiting is a concern so widespread that dramatized executions and torture are shown in a video called “Operation Detour” that’s played in classes.
No U.S. schools have reported violence tied to the drug war, and the vast majority of border districts feel safe. Even in San Ysidro, Calif.—right across the border from Tijuana—Superintendent Manuel Paul said security isn’t an issue.
Mr. Paul said he thinks Tijuana families are running farther north from the violence.
But back in Fort Hancock, Modesta Morales said the violence already has come to them.
“Sometimes you feel helpless. They saw their dad shot, in the head,” she said. “What do you tell a 10-year-old that sees that?”
