July 27, 1983

Education Week, Vol. 02, Issue 39
Education Federal, State Partnership Role Called Strong
Federal involvement in education has helped strengthen the policymaking capacity of state education agencies and has not been as severe an administrative burden on the states as is commonly believed, according to a report presented last month to the House Budget Committee's Task Force on Education and Employment.
Peggy Caldwell, July 27, 1983
10 min read
Education Shift to Private Schools Predicted With Tax Credit
About 5 percent of the students currently attending public schools would be likely to transfer to private schools if a tuition tax credit of $250 were available, according to a Congressionally mandated study of private schools.
Eileen White, July 27, 1983
8 min read
Education California Assembly Passes Sweeping Education-Reform Measure
With strong bipartisan support, the Democratic-dominated California legislature has sent to the Republican governor, George Deukmejian, an omnibus education bill that will set trends for the rest of the nation, its proponents believe.
Michael Fallon, July 27, 1983
4 min read
Education 'Students Are Not Equipped For The Society They Will Live In'
To explore various aspects of and perspectives on the problems in mathematics and science education, Education Week invited seven authorities on the subject--including representatives of government, professional groups, industry, and teacher education--to participate in a round-table discussion. Edited excerpts from the four-hour discussion begin below and appear throughout this supplement.

Participating were:

July 27, 1983
13 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
The Minnesota legislature this year passed a number of measures to strengthen mathematics and science education, including a comprehensive Educational Technology Act. Funded at $5.8 million for the biennium, the act will provide funds for inservice training in the use of educational technology, the establishment of up to 10 demonstration sites around the state, and development and evaluation of educational software.

Most of the efforts are to be directed at promoting "computer literacy," programming, and applications, rather than computer-assisted instruction. Funds have also been allocated to help districts buy software rated as superior by state evaluators.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education Add Understanding, Subtract Drills
Thirty years ago, a movement that became the "new math" led to major revisions in the mathematics curriculum. Ten years ago, the back-to-basics movement brought a renewed emphasis on "basic skills."
Susan Walton, July 27, 1983
19 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Earlier this year, the Mississippi legislature enacted measures designed to help increase the number of mathematics and science teachers in the state. According to a survey conducted by the state education department in February, school districts will need an additional 334 math teachers, 162 physics teachers, and 196 chemistry teachers by the end of the 1985-86 school year.

Two "loan-forgiveness" programs for current and prospective teachers in math and science were part of a $106-million package of educational reforms that had been sought by Gov. William Winter for several years. The reform bill was approved by the state legislature and signed into law by the Governor in January.

July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
The state board of education in Missouri is considering raising high-school graduation standards to include two units of study in mathematics and three units in science, according to R.V. Wilson, director of teacher certification for the state department of education.

If the new standards are approved, schools will be short some 1,750 math teachers and 1,800 science teachers, he predicted.

July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education Ideas and Innovations: Teaching, Schools, Partnerships
Teachers

July 27, 1983
17 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Montana was short some 20 to 25 mathematics teachers last year. If the 31 new math teachers who graduated in June from state education programs went into the schools and if no teachers retired or left the profession, the state would have no shortage, according to Daniel Dolan, math and computer education specialist for Montana's office of public instruction.

But the state will probably still face a shortage "in the neighborhood of 20 math teachers," Mr. Dolan said, because not all the new graduates will go into teaching and there is likely to be some attrition among the existing teaching force. Last year, about 9 of the 16 newly graduated math teachers went into teaching.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
North Carolina legislators included in the state's budget measures to provide loans for prospective mathematics and science teachers and to increase the amount of time that students spend in school.

The legislature is still considering bills that would establish a flexible tuition scale for students of the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics and provide financial incentives to encourage teachers to earn advanced degrees in math and science.

July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
The New York board of regents in June approved a proposal to require three years of mathematics for students planning to compete for a state-college scholarship and two years for all other students. The minimum requirement is now one year.

The board also passed a proposal to require students to take at least 115 minutes of math and science instruction per day in the 7th and 8th grades and instruction in computer literacy throughout their 12 years of schooling.

July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education 200,000 Reasons for Concern:A Profile of Those Who Teach Sciences
When Howard Harris talks about his salary, he alludes in exasperation and embarrassment to some of his students, who earn a higher hourly wage in part-time jobs at nearby Disney World. He holds a master's degree in chemistry and heads the science department at Oviedo High School in Seminole County, Fla., where he has taught for seven years. He earns $18,000 a year.
Thomas Toch, July 27, 1983
11 min read
Education A Generation Lags Behind As Science Advances
In a letter dated Nov. 17, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt posed four questions to Vannevar Bush about the future of American science. The final question was: "Can an effective program be proposed for discovering and developing scientific talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientific research in this country may be assured on a level comparable to what has been done during the war?"

Bush, the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, responded the following year in the form of a report, Science--The Endless Frontier. His answer to the fourth question was yes, such a program can be developed.

July 27, 1983
10 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Although no emergency teaching certificates have been issued in mathematics and science by the Rhode Island department of education, several broader efforts are underway to improve the state's system of education.

The Joint Committee on School and College Articulation, a study group of educators appointed by the state commissioner of education, has developed a set of recommendations for upgrading graduation requirements for high-school students and strengthening relationships between secondary and postsecondary schools.

July 27, 1983
2 min read
Education Democratizing Science: Focus on 'General Citizens'
When scientists and educators in the late 1950's set out to create new curricula for precollege students, the issue at the top of the agenda was increasing the supply of scientists and engineers. Teaching "pure science" to the brightest students was the order of the day, and the materials they developed are widely regarded as good vehicles for doing just that.
Susan Walton, July 27, 1983
22 min read
Education 'There Are Ideas On Which You Can Put Money That Make Sense'
Education Week: What should society be doing to solve the math and science problems? Where do we go from here and how do we get there?

Mr. Rutherford: Let me say that there are a lot of solutions being proposed, and a lot of them make some kind of sense when looked at individually. We say: "The teachers are not prepared, so let's give them some workshops." We say: "The materials aren't up to date, so let's develop some new ones."

July 27, 1983
19 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Alabama has confronted what one state official calls a "critical" shortage of mathematics and science teachers with a law--enacted last year--that forgives loans for the college tuition of prospective teachers in return for their commitment to teach those subjects in the state's schools.

The state this year will spend $50,000 from an education trust fund for the loans, which will be forgiven at a rate of one year of tuition for each year spent teaching.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education 'A Mile and an Inch Deep:' Sowing Federal Dollars in the Math/Science Field
The public should not expect a "miracle cure" from the mathematics and science education measure that is widely expected to be enacted by the Congress this year, according to representatives of several major education organizations.
Tom Mirga, July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
State school officials in Alaska reported that there is no serious shortage of mathematics and science teachers in their state. "Alaska," said one official, "is one of those states where you always seem to have more applicants than positions open."

The state board of education plans, however, to include an intensive new science and math program in the curriculum of a 500-student boarding school it is taking over from the federal government.

July 27, 1983
1 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
In Arkansas, a study conducted by Truett Goatcher, coordinator of school statistics and physical services for the state education department, showed that last September the state had a shortage of 31 physics teachers and that no new teachers were coming out of the education schools or re-entering the profession.

In chemistry, there was a shortage of 82 teachers, with only two new teachers arriving from the state's education schools, and one teacher re-entering the profession.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Gov. Bruce E. Babbitt of Arizona has been lobbying hard for improvements in mathematics and science education. In April, the state legislature appropriated $400,000 for the Arizona Board of Regents to support several of his priorities, including:

$250,000 for special math and science institutes at state universities to help elementary and secondary teachers update their teaching skills and keep abreast of developments in their fields.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Colorado currently needs about 100 more mathematics teachers and about 20 more physics and chemistry teachers, according to Arvine C. Blome, assistant state commissioner for federal relations and special projects.

One reason for the shortage is that 20 of the 181 districts have increased their graduation requirements in these subjects and are looking for more highly trained teachers. In Colorado, individual districts set their own graduation standards.

July 27, 1983
2 min read
Education Problems at Both Ends Of the 'Pipeline'
Colleges and universities pay a high price, their leaders say, for the failure of high schools to teach mathematics and science adequately.
Sheppard Ranbom, July 27, 1983
10 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
The Connecticut legislature approved a bill during its recent regular session authorizing state colleges and universities to use $3 million in unallocated bond funds for a loan-forgiveness program for teacher candidates in subject areas with teacher shortages.

The program will be administered by the board of regents for higher education; the funds will be distributed through a formula based on the percentage of certified graduates from each of the state's teacher-training institutions, according to Scott Brohinsky, assistant to the commissioner of education. Each year, the areas of shortage (officials say math and industrial arts are the most likely areas) will be determined by the state board of education.

July 27, 1983
2 min read
Education Teacher Shortage: Likely To Get Worse Before It Gets Better
The already severe shortage of science and mathematics teachers in most parts of the country is expected to grow steadily worse in the next 15 years, experts predict.
Hope Aldrich, July 27, 1983
4 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
In 1983, all of the state colleges and universities in Georgia graduated a total of 67 mathematics teachers and 81 science teachers, according to the state education department's office of teacher recruitment. Between September 1982 and March 1983, the state issued provisional or probationary teaching certificates in math and science to a total of 785 teachers who either did not have teaching certificates or were certified in areas other than the two disciplines.

In order to address this problem, the state legislature this spring passed a measure to finance "forgivable loans" for students planning careers in those fields.

July 27, 1983
2 min read
Education Industrial Arts Sets Out in New Directions
Earlier this year, during its annual conference, the American Industrial Arts Association unveiled an ambitious plan designed to shift the focus of industrial arts from hands-on skills and crafts projects to an applied-science approach involving laboratory experiments.

Through this move into technology education--the study of industry and technology--the industrial-arts profession signaled an attempt to realign itself with the general-education program, and, at the same time, to strengthen its vocational and prevocational posture in the schools.

July 27, 1983
3 min read
Education A Survey of State Initiatives
Although the exact figures are not yet available, the teacher training and licensing department of the Indiana state department of public instruction expects shortages in physics, chemistry, all levels of secondary- and junior-high mathematics, and junior-high science, according to Susan Zimmerman, math consultant for the state department of public instruction.

The teacher shortage may become more severe at the high-school level, said Ms. Zimmerman, as a result of the Indiana state board of education's move in April to raise high-school graduation requirements; the change upgraded the requirements in both math and science from one year to two for all students.

July 27, 1983
5 min read