Education

Timeline: Federal Carrots and Sticks

U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan racked up a significant number of bargaining chips in his first years in office, which he used to create incentives for states to adopt his education improvement ideas. With fewer sweeteners left to use as leverage, he will likely grow even more dependent on sanctions and persuasion in the administration’s final three years.

Timeline: Federal Carrots and Sticks

U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan has leveraged billions of federal dollars and his considerable regulatory power to push his vision of education improvement, which includes common standards and better teacher evaluations. But now, his leverage is dwindling. Explore how the secretary has used incentives and enforcement to drive change during his first five years in office.