January 15, 1986

Education Week, Vol. 05, Issue 18
Education Effectiveness v. Resources
In an irony unforeseen by effective-schools researchers, lawyers in a school-finance suit in New Jersey are using the concept to argue that poor districts can improve their schools at little or no extra cost to the state.

And in this and other developments, according to school-finance experts, research findings on effective schools are reopening an old debate over the extent to which money and resources affect student achievement.

January 15, 1986
9 min read
Education Foundation Column
Two new corporate foundations that bear the names of giant Japanese consumer-electronics firms have issued guidelines for making grants, and both intend to invest heavily in U.S. education.

The Matsushita Foundation, founded in late 1984 with a $10-million endowment by the Matsushita Electric Corporation of America, plans to support programs that:

January 15, 1986
2 min read
Education Research And Reports
School-reform measures approved by the Texas legislature in 1984 are a "bold step" toward preparing the state's schools for the future, but their inadequate funding threatens both educational quality and equity, a study has concluded.

The report, issued recently by the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, notes that HB 72, the omnibus school-reform law, has had immediate positive effects. It cites increases in teacher salaries, a shift in school funding from local property taxes to state taxes, and a reduction in the disparities between poor and wealthy districts as financing changes that were successful "even in the first year."

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Education Teachers on Strike In Several States
Public-school teachers in Oakland, Calif., working without a contract since July, last week struck the city's 51,000-student school system in a pay dispute.

All but 200 of the district's 2,800 teachers were striking, a union official reported. But schools continued to operate on half-day schedules, with substitute teachers covering classes. Student attendance was low, the official reported.

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Ed-Tech Policy Interest in Computer Careers Declines Among College Freshmen
Increasing computer use in the schools may be winning few converts to technological careers, according to an annual survey of entering college freshmen released this week.
Alina Tugend, January 15, 1986
5 min read
Education Class Size, Not Hours, Seen Key in Kindergarten
Class size is more important than the length of the school day in the achievement of disadvantaged kindergarten children, concludes a study by the Chicago Board of Education.
Anne Bridgman, January 15, 1986
4 min read
Education High Failure Rate Prompts Criticism of Maryland's Writing Exam
The failure of one out of four Maryland 11th graders to pass a state writing examination required for high-school graduation has prompted a rash of criticism of the test and the way it is scored.
Lynn Olson, January 15, 1986
5 min read
Education People News
Otis R. Bowen, a former Republican governor of Indiana who has spent much of his career as a family doctor, has been sworn in as secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Dr. Bowen, 67, who most recently held the position of Lester D. Bibler professor of family medicine at the Indiana University School of Medicine, replaces Margaret M. Heckler.

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Education Settlement Talks May Produce New Rules on Asbestos
Washington--Negotiations that could lead to stricter federal controls on asbestos in school buildings are scheduled to begin this week, as the Environmental Protection Agency and a union representing school-maintenance employees attempt to settle a lawsuit over the issue.

The agreement to meet reflects a new "sense of urgency" about the need to clean up cancer-causing asbestos in the nation's schools and to ensure that the job is done safely, said William K. Borwegen, health and safety director of the Service Employees International Union.

January 15, 1986
4 min read
Education The Eagle Has Landed
When renovations began this year on a Washington, D.C., hotel, there was no place in the new decor for two rare birds: a pair of seven-foot-tall, copper and gold-leaf statues of American eagles that had guarded the entrance for 25 years.

But the hotel's managers thought they knew where the statues might find a warm welcome.

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Education Appeals Court Clarifies Students' Due-Process Rights
School disciplinary boards can consider evidence of prior misconduct when they determine the appropriate punishment for serious student offenses, a federal appeals court ruled late last month.
William Snider, January 15, 1986
3 min read
Curriculum Selected Readings on Effective Schools
Following is a selected bibliography of books, articles, and reports on effective schools. The readings, listed chronologically, are not intended to be comprehensive, but to provide a starting point for additional information.

January 15, 1986
5 min read
Education Landmark Comparable-Worth Suit Settled
The State of Washington has agreed to distribute $106.5 million over a six-year period to its workers who have been the victims of sex-based wage discrimination, under the terms of a settlement reached this month with the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees.
Anne Bridgman, January 15, 1986
2 min read
Education Tax Code Changes Worrisome for Private Schools
Washington--Tax-exempt fringe benefits such as free housing that many independent private schools use to attract teachers would be taxed under recent changes in the nation's tax code.
J.R. Sirkin, January 15, 1986
8 min read
Education Los Angeles Seeks Plans For Year-Round Classes
The Los Angeles Board of Education moved one step closer last week to rendering the traditional summer vacation a relic of the past, authorizing district officials to submit plans for putting the entire district on a year-round schedule.
William Snider, January 15, 1986
2 min read
Education Blacks in College: Further Declines Seen
Unless states act quickly to reverse current trends, the downward drift in the number and proportion of black students on college and university campuses will continue into the next decade, warns a new report by the Southern Regional Education Board.
Blake Rodman, January 15, 1986
3 min read
Education State News Roundup
Concerned that too few of West Virginia's high-school graduates continue their education, the state's 25 college and university presidents have launched a statewide effort to raise the college-going rate.

The state's college presidents' association has drawn up a list of more than three dozen ideas to raise the number of students attending college, including 24 suggested "action items,"according to Father Thomas Acker, president of Wheeling College and the head of the group.

January 15, 1986
4 min read
Education 'Positive Science' or 'Normative Principles'?
As the popularity of effective-schools programs has increased in this decade, so, too, has skepticism over the concept's empirical underpinnings.

And though few in the research community question the validity of this approach to school improvement, many are beginning to identify weaknesses in the original studies and point out questions that the literature has yet to answer.

January 15, 1986
12 min read
Education Massive Milwaukee Study Reveals Quality Gap
The $335,000 state-commissioned study that figures in Milwaukee's desegregation proposal has found an "unacceptable disparity" between the educational opportunities and achievements of minority and non-minority students and a wide gap between the quality of city and suburban schools.
Elizabeth Rose, January 15, 1986
4 min read
Education News Update
Gov. James R. Thompson of Illinois has vowed to block any attempts to impose local school-district consolidations without voters' consent. (See Education Week, May 22, 1985.)

School-reform legislation approved by the legislature last June calls for voluntary unification of districts, subject to approval by voters in each local district in April 1987. The law, which recommends minimum district enrollments of 1,500 students, also authorizes studies in each of the state's 59 education regions to devise plans for merging districts.

January 15, 1986
2 min read
Education Getting Down to Cases:'Change Starts Happening'
Albert S. Weiss, the principal of Milwaukee's 20th Street Elementary School, remembers the time before his school initiated its effective-schools program as one in which teachers were so discouraged that they had stopped expecting students to turn in homework on a regular basis.

One of the first changes the school made, he says, was to be stricter with respect to homework. Students who did not do their work stayed in during recess or lunch periods to finish it. Teachers also began sending home reports to parents telling them when their children had failed to complete the assignments.

January 15, 1986
11 min read
Education Pioneering State Teacher-Incentive Plans In Florida, Tennessee Still Under Attack
Politically divisive from the outset, two of the nation's first state incentive programs for teachers are under renewed attack.
Lynn Olson, January 15, 1986
6 min read
Education Louisiana Governor Seeks State Lottery
Faced with a slump in the state economy and the prospect of a budget shortfall, Gov. Edwin W. Edwards of Louisiana last week said he would call a special session of the legislature to consider creating a state lottery and legalizing casino gambling.
Lynn Olson, January 15, 1986
3 min read
Education Fight Over Mass. Board Settled
Following weeks of heated debate, the Massachusetts Board of Education has reached a compromise with Gov. Michael Dukakis that allows four recent Dukakis appointees to help select the state's next education commissioner prior to the beginning of their official terms on the board.

In return, the Governor has reiterated his support for a lay state board of education and has said he would oppose legislative efforts to abolish it.

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Education National News Roundup
The Council of Great City Schools and four of its member districts last week challenged in federal court a key part of the U.S. Education Department's response to last year's4U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Aguilar v. Felton.

The urban schools filed a friend-of-the-court brief in Pulido v. Bennett, a broader suit against the department's response to Felton that was filed in September by Americans United for Separation of Church and State in U.S. District Court in the Western District of Missouri.

January 15, 1986
1 min read
Education Study Critiques D.C. Schools
Due in large part to an "enormous" concentration of special-needs pupils, students in District of Columbia public schools are receiving an education far inferior to that of their counterparts in two neighboring suburban districts, according to a recent report by a coalition of parents and business leaders.
Alina Tugend, January 15, 1986
3 min read
Education District News Roundup
Calling for "real and meaningful sanctions" to curb high absenteeism and dropout rates, the superintendent of the St. Paul public schools has asked for a new state law that would deny drivers' licenses to students under age 18 who have unsatisfactory attendance records as defined by their schools.

Superintendent David A. Bennett, as part of a three-year "Strategies for Excellence and Equity" plan, also asked for legal authority to assess fines against the parents of children who have unsatisfactory attendance records.

January 15, 1986
2 min read
Education Postage Hike Gets Delayed
The U.S. Postal Service last week rescinded a $72-million across-the-board rate increase for nonprofit mailers due to technical errors it made in calculating some of the the new rates.
January 15, 1986
1 min read
Curriculum King Holiday Spurs Classroom Activity
A new federal holiday honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. next week has aroused nationwide interest in a variety of classroom activities.
James Crawford, January 15, 1986
5 min read